The share of the population with access to electricity, in both rural and urban environments. Haiti did not fare well in the global economy after it gained its independence, but they were able to dismantle the previous political and social systems that had been in place while they were a colony.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_11',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); This was partly due to the fact that there were few to no whites left on in Haiti once they were independent from France. Caribbean immigrants represent 10 percent of the 44.5 million immigrants in the United States, with the vast majority coming from just five countries: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Two women in Havana,. These chapters trace the evolution of Cuba's "sugar revolution," Cuban attempts to deter the import of negros franceses - Saint-Domingue slaves who might foment rebellion and a short-lived alliance between the Spanish army based in the city of Santo Domingo . )wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [4][5], Haitian Cubans number 300,000 in Cuba, with Haitian Creole being the second most spoken language in the country. On the UN's Human Development Index, Haiti ranked 163 out of 191 countries in 2020. To reflect the differences in the cost of living and inflation rates, we show the GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP). )note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest, total: 231,654 (2020 est. )expenditures: $64.64 billion (2017 est. Source: Wikipedia, 2023; UNData, 2023. This was the idea that the authority to govern comes from the people. But the U.S. convinced England that aiding Haiti would be detrimental to its national security and economic well-being. The death rate, also called crude death rate, represents the number of annual deaths per 1,000 people at midyear. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different Let us be your passport to Laos and much more. 14.3 years longer life expectancy at birth, 3.18x higher percentage of internet users, 19.5 years lower median age of female population, population with access to improved water sources. Grand blancs and petit blancs on the island wanted France to include them in the decision-making process.var cid='9687976154';var pid='ca-pub-3243264408777652';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Plains, which are quite limited in extent, are the most productive agricultural lands and the most densely populated areas. Over 3,000 doctors have been sent to Haiti since 1998 and have educated 550 Haitians at Latin American Medical School in Havana with 567 Haitians currently studying at ELAM as of 2010. This strayed from the ideals that the right to . Obesity is a public health problem and increases the risk of chronic diseases. This article offers a sociodemographic profile of Caribbean immigrants, who represent 10 percent of the U.S. foreign-born population and nearly half of all Black immigrants in the United States. (Cuba), Unknown. Both of these nations struggled for decades to gain their independent and achieve their revolutionary objectives. In contrast to these, SCBI is: Priority driven - it is structured around delivery of a small number of specific priorities. )investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est. On the other hand, Cuba while gaining its independence, it failed to change socially, economically, or politically. The main political idea was that of popular sovereignty. Haiti. ), household consumption: 57% (2017 est. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. Thinking Spatially and Data Analysis - Central Asia - Physical Features and . ), women married by age 15: 4.8%women married by age 18: 29.4%men married by age 18: 5.9% (2019 est. A rapid decline began and the country has been led by a series of right wing miscreants and sycophants with no leadership quality a trend that continues sadly to the present. - A Coastal pollution has hit Cuba, Haiti, and Puerto Rico harder than other parts of the Caribbean. Manage Settings ), -2.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. The growth of the United States as an independent nation, the collapse of Haiti as a sugar-producing colony, Spanish protective policies, and the ingenuity of Cuba's Creole business class all converged to produce a sugar revolution on the island. While the former is a popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean, Haiti is one of the . On 12 January 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. The backbone of the island of Hispaniola consists of four major mountain ranges that extend from west to east. According to the World Health Organization, there should be more than 2.3 health workers per 1,000 people in order to cover the primary healthcare needs. )2.62% (2020 est. Vodou is decentralized and flexible. Countries or cities with a higher number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants usually have well-developed health care systems. Each group had different reasons why they were unhappy under Frances rule. Bilateral Economic Relations. The standard value-added tax (VAT) rate. However, this would not by the end of Spains troubles with Cuba.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-banner-1','ezslot_8',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-banner-1-0'); Two parties formed in Cuba after the Ten Years War; the conservatives and the reformists, while many Cubans who still wanted revolution fled to New York. During that time, Haiti plunged into chaos and misrule. - The Caribbean region lies on four different tectonic plates. He handed off the presidency in February 2008 to his younger brother Raul CASTRO. [3], Cubans feared a repeat of the Haitian Revolution, which was not quelled by the current guerrilla warfare in Haiti by the caco forces against the Americans. Power failure at New York University Langone Medical Centre led to the . No products in the cart. [7], Haitians lived in small communities near the sugar cane plantations, very rural and removed from populous cities. Cuba's vaccine development effort wasn't just risky from health perspective. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. He is also the co-founder of the City University Graduate School of Journalisms Center for Community and Ethnic Media and a senior producer at CUNY TV. )male: 25.5% (2020 est. "As the thirteen colonies lost access to other British possessions, the Spanish colony of Cuba . His idea helps re-conceptualize the black insurgent and Spain will be unable to use the argument that the next war is a race war. South of the Cul-de-Sac Plain is the fourth major range, called the Massif de la Selle in Haiti and the Sierra de Baoruco in the Dominican Republic. Haitis former soccer federation president whose lifetime ban from the sport over sexual abuse allegations was overturned last month has announced he is reclaiming his position, Award-winning Haitian broadcaster Michle Montas, who was exiled three times and served as spokesperson for the former United Nations secretary-general, follows the chaos in her country every day from her apartment in New York, Canada says it will send navy vessels to Haiti for intelligence-gathering as part of efforts to quell worsening gang violence in the Caribbean nation, U.S. authorities have arrested four more people in the slaying of Haitian President Jovenel Mose, including the owner of a Miami-area security company that hired former soldiers from Colombia for the mission, In a story published February 9, 2023, about a new U.S. policy stalling adoptions in Haiti, The Associated Press quoted UNICEF in reporting that 1 million children are not going to school as a result of social unrest. Cuba's unique approach to the eradication of extreme poverty sets it apart from other Latin American and Caribbean countries, but the challenge now is how it evolves As Cubans attempt to recreate and develop their nation, I would say theyve emerged rather well under the embargo. The overall rule of law is weak in Cuba. The ranges western extension on the southern peninsula is called the Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 metres) at Macaya Peak. "Cubans raised funds in support of Washington's army, and soldiers from Cuba fought against the British in North America and the Caribbean," Ferrer writes of that period in Cuba: An American History (Scribner), her new, comprehensive history of Cuba's complex ties to the United States. [8], Majority of Haitians are Catholic but vodou is also present behind the scenes. By continuing to browse our site, you agree to our use of cookies. Garry Pierre-Pierre is a Pulitzer-prize winning, multimedia and entrepreneurial journalist. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 255,536 tons (2015 est. The independence was revolutionary because those who came to be in power were former slaves and free people of mixed race. ), illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy on 12 January 2017, soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters) are the main environmental problems; biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution, party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation, particulate matter emissions: 18.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Haiti was not recognized by the U.S. until 80 years after it became a sovereign nation. ), electrification - total population: 100% (2020), installed generating capacity: 7.479 million kW (2020 est. Cuba leads the way in international solidarity. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The United States occupied Cuba until they felt Cuba could maintain itself without their help, but brought along their own racial ideologies with them, and left them there in Cuba. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. Jamaica is some 120 miles (190 km) west of the southern peninsula, across the Jamaica Channel, and Great Inagua Island (of The Bahamas) lies roughly 70 miles (110 km) to the north. )methane emissions: 9.3 megatons (2020 est. The higher the growth, the more dynamic society feels. England, despite its loss to the U.S. and its friction with France, abandoned Haiti and left the country twisting in the wind for nearly a century. By 1804, some 30,000 French were living in Baracoa and Mais, the furthest eastern municipalities of the province. The two countries share warm relations, and Cuban doctors over the last 20 years have literally saved thousands of Haitian lives working in clinics in far-flung . [5], Haitian practice of vodou, was often mistaken for "witchcraft. Low unemployment rate indicates better career opportunities and economic growth. Moody's rating: Caa2 (2014)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. The percentage of the countrys population living below the poverty line, as reported by official statistics. )forest: 27.3% (2018 est. Download latest HDI dataset. Under the dictatorship of Toussaint it was unclear who his loyalty was to, and thus he was unseated from power no longer after he gained it.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_5',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. 1980 - Around 125,000 Cubans, many of them released convicts, flee to the US. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Buildings collapsed throughout the capital and surrounding region, including many homes as well as large public structures such as the National Palace, the citys cathedral, and hospitals. )$2.008 billion (2016 est.). Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became . )transmission/distribution losses: 3.429 billion kWh (2019 est. )22.7 (2013 est. )wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Like Haiti, Cuba was a weak state, vulnerable to the aggressions of an imperialist superpower, and it was dependent on Soviet economic and military support. Haiti Revolts While Cuba Complies: How Revolutionary Movements Differ in Haiti and Cuba Often the term "revolution" makes one think of the Revolutionary War in the American colonies. Publicado em . View Country Data. Since then, it has graduated 7,290 physicians from the Americas, Africa, the Mideast, Asia and Oceania. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898 and, following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. They removed $500,000 from the Haitian National Bank in December of 1914 for safe-keeping in New York, thus giving the United States control of the bank. The domain of the Arawakan-speaking Taino, who had displaced even earlier inhabitants, Cuba was claimed by Christopher Columbus for Spain in 1492. England, for its part helped Haiti during its fight to rid itself of French rule and slavery. By undermining the ideals he had originally promoted to rise to power, he lost many of his supporters. The assassination of Haiti's president, growing civil unrest, and . The U. S. claimed to be involved with Cuba for social and moral reasons, but was mostly there for their own economic interests. The rebels create their own provisional government and designed a strategy to attack the western part of the island, instead of fighting a limited war like the Ten Years War. [6], "Embassy of Cuba in Port-Au Prrince, Haiti", "HAITI: PORT-AU-PRINCE: CUBA OPENS NEW EMBASSY", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CubaHaiti_relations&oldid=1083903464, This page was last edited on 21 April 2022, at 13:06. The Cayes Plain lies on the coast to the southeast of the peak. Due to the United States occupation of Haiti, many Haitians left to find work as laborers in neighboring countries like Cuba. ), forest revenues: 0.06% of GDP (2018 est. Home; . )permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. In order to effectively gain their independence from Spain, Jose Marti argues that Cuba must accept that it needs to become a race-less nation in order to throw off the chains of its colonial ruler. )from consumed natural gas: 1.814 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. This led to the war being very limited with very little getting accomplished. Populous cities or countries usually offer better employment opportunities because of their large economies. The countrys total land area (excluding inland and sea waters). how was the development of cuba and of haiti different; how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The percentage of the countrys population using the internet. )1 (2016 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The Artibonite Riverthe islands longest, approximately 175 miles (280 km) longrises in the western Dominican Republic in the Cordillera Central and follows a southwestward course along the border with Haiti. ), production: 976.023 million cubic meters (2019 est. Jose Marti led this war, and tried to keep it from becoming another race war, however, Spain is able to use propaganda to convince whites that this war is in fact another race war. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. The surrounding seas are renowned for their coral reefs. Similarly, black Haitians were stereotyped as being violent and rife with crime. By 1898, Cuba had gained its impendence from Spain, but another powerful country forced its way into Cuba, and partly undermined the potential for Cubas revolution to succeed.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'studyboss_com-leader-1','ezslot_13',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-leader-1-0'); There were a few reasons why Cuba did not accomplish its revolutionary objectives, politically, economically, or socially. Shortly after taking power, Castro adopted communism as the countrys new doctrine, infuriating the U.S. at the height of its own cold war with the Soviet Union. Haiti claims sovereignty over Navassa (Navase) Island, an uninhabited U.S.-administered islet about 35 miles (55 km) to the west in the Jamaica Channel. The generally rugged topography of central and western Hispaniola is reflected in Haitis name, which derives from the indigenous Arawak place-name Ayti (Mountainous Land); about two-thirds of the total land area is above 1,600 feet (490 metres) in elevation. Haitis mountains are mainly limestone, although some volcanic formations can be found, particularly in the Massif du Nord. The number of physicians (generalist and specialist medical doctors) per 1,000 people. After all, how long would it take for the slaves in the South to copy the Haitian revolution and upend the status quo in the United States? They have led some seminal revolutions that have affected the world, and earned the has provoked the ire of world powers. This metric reflects the overall quality of life. Many have arrived in recent years due to natural disasters in Haiti such as the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. )proven reserves: 70.792 billion cubic meters (2021 est. The Eastern European nation helped Cuba along, providing it with oil and other goods it needed. Required fields are marked *. A country roughly the size of Maryland, it was a prosperous French colony whose slaves had the temerity to fight and defeat the mighty French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 after a TK war of independence. In 1937, over 25,000 Haitians were forcibly removed from Cuba and sent back to Haiti. ), improved: urban: 94.8% of populationrural: 87% of populationtotal: 93% of populationunimproved: urban: 5.2% of populationrural: 13% of populationtotal: 7% of population (2017 est. So as Cuba finds itself coming out from under a 50-year embargo, it is worthy to take a look at how the two countries have taken divergent paths and the way forward for both. Though there are these similarities, ultimately Saint Domingue (Haiti) succeeded in revolting (though not entirely, perhaps) did not finish their revolution and suffered many setbacks. ), municipal: 1.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est. In Cuba's case, rigid central planning and stifling one-party communism are the main culprits, while Haiti is suffering the opposite problem: a slide . )-10.95% (2020 est. The United States is also a significant supplier of humanitarian goods to Cuba, including medicines and medical products . )other: 12.4% (2018 est. Also in FY 2021, 39,303 Cuban nationals presented themselves at various land border ports of entry throughout the US. The rebels believe that Spain will no longer be interested in ruling over Cuba if there is relatively no economic prosperity to be had. Dominican Republic. A country comparison like this can be based on several hundred individual data items from dozens of different sources. It measures the market value of all the final goods and services produced annually. Development or destitution. Foreign intervention and debt, political instability, and natural disasters have stymied the Caribbean country's development. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 48,500 bbl/day (2018 est. Help us by suggesting a value. ), degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever, total: 4.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Artibonite then skirts the Noires Mountains as it flows to the Gulf of Gonve. The war was framed as the SpanishAmerican War, leaving out the importance of Cuba and their soldiers fighting against the Spanish. "We sincerely hope that all of the world's inhabitants . - Haiti's proximity to a tectonic plate boundary helps explain the January 2010 earthquake. Spain could do little to protect plantation owners and thus lost support. )investment in fixed capital: 9.6% (2017 est. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. But according to the Fidel Castro regime, since 1959, when he took over, this discrimination has stopped. ), total population: 79.87 yearsmale: 77.53 yearsfemale: 82.35 years (2023 est. Public health care is more affordable for an average citizen and usually guaranteed for everyone. Cuba, country of the West Indies, the largest single island of the archipelago, and one of the more-influential states of the Caribbean region. To the west of the capital, near the quakes epicentre, the city of Logne was almost completely ruined. ), number of registered air carriers: 4 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 18annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 560,754 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 17.76 million (2018) mt-km, total: 64over 3,047 m: 72,438 to 3,047 m: 101,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 4under 914 m: 27 (2021), total: 69914 to 1,523 m: 11under 914 m: 58 (2021), total: 8,367 km (2017)standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gaugenote: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use, total: 60,000 km (2015)paved: 20,000 km (2001)unpaved: 40,000 km (2001), 240 km (2011) (almost all navigable inland waterways are near the mouths of rivers), total: 59by type: general cargo 12, oil tanker 7, other 40 (2021), major seaport(s): Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel, Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba, Revolutionary Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, FAR): Revolutionary Army (Ejercito Revolucionario, ER), Revolutionary Navy (Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria, MGR, includes Marine Corps), Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces (Defensas Anti-Aereas y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR); Paramilitary forces: Youth Labor Army (Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo, EJT), Territorial Militia Troops (Milicia de Tropas de Territoriales, MTT), Civil Defense Force; Ministry of Interior: Border Guards, State Security, National Revolutionary Police (2022), 4.2% of GDP (2020 est. This enabled Haitians to keep control over the cultural values their children received. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural . Cubans had been struggling with racial divisions and discrimination for several decades and the wars had done more to exploit these rather than unite the two groups. SLE includes primary to tertiary education. In eastern Haiti the river was impounded as Lake Pligre in the mid-20th century; a hydroelectric complex began operating at Pligre in 1971, but its power output has been unreliable during the dry season. Cuba has been plunged into turmoil by the largest protests against its Communist government in decades. ), conventional long form: Republic of Cubaconventional short form: Cubalocal long form: Republica de Cubalocal short form: Cubaetymology: name derives from the Taino Indian designation for the island "coabana" meaning "great place", name: Havanageographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lightingetymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX, 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959), history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019amendments: proposed by the National Assembly of Peoples Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended, civil law system based on Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: unknown, chief of state: President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018); Vice President Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (since 10 October 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019); Deputy Prime Ministers Ramiro VALDES Menendez, Ines Maria CHAPMAN Waugh, Jorge Luis TAPIA Fonseca, Alejandro GIL Fernandez, Ricardo CABRISAS Ruiz (since 21 December 2019), and Jorge Luis PERDOMO DI-LELLA (since 20 April 2021)cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (may be reelected for another 5-year term); election last held on 10 October 2019 (next to be held NA)election results: 2019: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1%2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 100%note - on 19 April 2018, DIAZ-CANEL succeeded Raul CASTRO as president of the Councils of State and Ministers; on 10 October 2019 he was elected to the newly created position of President of the Republic, which replaced the position of President of the Councils of State and Ministers, description: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduces the number of members from 605 to 474, effective with the 2023 general electionelections: last held on 11 March 2018 (next to be held in early 2023)election results: Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition (as of June 2021) - men 273, women 313, percent of women 53.4%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)judge selection and term of office: professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per yearsubordinate courts: People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts, Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez], ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)chancery: 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 797-8515 through 8518FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521email address and website: recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cuhttp://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/en/usa, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)embassy: Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havanamailing address: 3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247email address and website: acshavana@state.govhttps://cu.usembassy.gov/, five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texasnote: design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed, royal palm; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song)lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDOnote: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed "La Bayamesa" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (7 cultural, 2 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagey (c), still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption, $137 billion (2017 est.
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